Claim type: Clinically proven
"Clinically proven" and percentage-style results claims, traced to the study behind them, if one is published.
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C Plausible, thin evidence
Rosemary oil vs minoxidil: what the one trial really showed, and four ‘hair growth’ bottles graded
‘Rosemary oil works as well as minoxidil’ traces back to a single 100-person trial with no placebo group, against the weaker 2% strength. We…
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B Supported, with caveats
‘Bye bye bumps’? Keratosis pilaris creams graded on what lactic acid, urea and salicylic acid can actually do
No cream makes keratosis pilaris go away for good. The American Academy of Dermatology says so plainly. But the right active, used every day,…
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B Supported, with caveats
C E Ferulic ‘dupes’, decoded: what the 2005 study tested, and three cheaper serums read against it
Every ‘C E Ferulic dupe’ leans on one 2005 study: ferulic acid doubled the sun-protection effect of a 15% vitamin C + 1% vitamin…
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C Plausible, thin evidence
‘Botox in a bottle’? What Argireline peptide serums can and can’t do, with three graded
Argireline was designed in a lab to mimic Botox, and its own inventors reported ‘much lower efficacy than the neurotoxin’. Small trials show modest…
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D Weak or undercut by formula
Do bond builders really rebuild broken bonds? Olaplex, K18, L’Oréal and OGX, read against the chemistry
Bleach turns the hair’s disulfide bonds into cysteic acid. Brands now promise to rebuild them in three minutes. We read four bond treatments against…
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B Supported, with caveats
Retinol vs retinal under $40: five drugstore retinoids, graded
Retinal sits one conversion step closer to the form that acts in skin. We checked five drugstore retinoids for disclosed strength, price per ml…