Concerns: Uneven tone & dark spots
Dullness, dark spots and discoloration claims, graded against the evidence for each active.
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B Supported, with caveats
C E Ferulic ‘dupes’, decoded: what the 2005 study tested, and three cheaper serums read against it
Every ‘C E Ferulic dupe’ leans on one 2005 study: ferulic acid doubled the sun-protection effect of a 15% vitamin C + 1% vitamin…
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B Supported, with caveats
Retinol vs retinal under $40: five drugstore retinoids, graded
Retinal sits one conversion step closer to the form that acts in skin. We checked five drugstore retinoids for disclosed strength, price per ml…